Advanced technologies will enable the Liminaris to operate with high efficiency, leveraging renewable energy sources to maintain a minimal carbon footprint. This integration of technology not only preserves the historical essence of the ship but also propels it into a future of sustainable innovation. Here an illustration of the Liminaris with the placement of its key technological components. This visual representation

shows the strategic placement of each technological

component within the ship, ensuring optimal space utilization and functionality.

Advanced Energy Storage Systems

Sodium-ion batteries, with a capacity of 15-25 kWh, will store energy generated by the solar panels. These batteries offer high energy density

(120-160 Wh/kg), long

lifespan (3,000-5,000 cycles), and low environmental impact due to the abundance of sodium, deliver reliable power to the 84 kW direct-drive propulsion motor, bow thruster, and onboard theater systems, supporting daily travel of 60–85 km at 5–10 knots while maintaining a minimal footprint.

Electric Motor

84 kW peak, typically operated at 10–20 kW for normal cruising on rivers and canals.

Bow Thruster

Battery-powered tunnel thruster (2–4 kW) for effortless sideways movement and pivoting.

Freshwater Tanks

2 x 100 L polyethylene tanks store potable water

for drinking and cooking, purified via reverse osmosis to meet EU standards (Directive 2020/2184).

Waste Water Systems

A waterless composting toilet uses peat moss, diverting urine to a 50L tank. Produces minimal waste (<5 kg/month solids), compliant with EU zero-discharge rules. A gravity-fedsand/charcoal filter with UV disinfection treats 50-150 L/day of greywater from sinks and showers. Housed in an HDPE tray, it removes ~70% BOD for non-potable reuse (flushing, washing, showering). A 100L greywater tank and 50L recycled water tank store raw and treated water, respectively.

Biofuel Combustion Generator

A compact 10 kVA biofuel combustion generator, running on sustainable fuels like biodiesel or hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), serves as a backup power source. With a power output of approximately 8 kW, it extends the ship’s range by 50-75 km per 50L tank, ensuring reliability for longer journeys or low-sun conditions across Europe’s waterways. The generator’s small footprint (0.35-0.44 m², ~280-350 kg) and compatibility with locally available low-emission fuels enhance the ship’s flexibility and sustainability.

High-efficiency solar panels

With acapacity of 5-10 kW, will harness solar energy to provide power, stored in advanced energy storage systems, further enhancing the ship’s self-sufficiency and reducing its carbon footprint.